Animal Chiropractic Module 3 – Cervical Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What term refers to the pattern of movement of limbs of animals during locomotion over a solid substrate?
• Which factor explains why chain collars are recommended to start with?
• What is the role of addressing thoracic spine when persistent cervical symptoms are observed?
• Collars should fit in which region?
• Which statement about wolf teeth is true?
• As horses age, which shape does the incisor occlusal surface tend to become?
• Which condition is characterized by primary seizures with no known etiology and may be associated with increased dural tension?
• Which organism is known to cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in multiple species and can be shed by many animals in feces regularly, often with subclinical infections?
• What is the significance of the atlanto-occipital joint in head posture and neurologic signs?
• An item in an animal's mouth can affect which sense related to body position and movement?
• What post-treatment expectations should be discussed with clients after a cervical adjustment?
• Why is assessment of range of motion and symmetry important in pre-manipulative cervical evaluation?
• How should you approach a case where cervical pain persists despite multiple adjustments?
• What are common signs of cervical disc disease in animals?
• What is the common dental procedure used to correct abnormal tooth growth and occlusion in horses?
• What dental condition is defined as inflammation or infection of the tissues surrounding the tooth and is the #1 dental problem diagnosed in dogs and cats?
• Which action by owners supports success in cervical neck rehabilitation?
• During an OSL/OSR, the line of correction comes from which structure?
• Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection commonly transmitted via contaminated water and can cause liver and kidney disease in animals and severe symptoms in humans.
• What is the rationale for a multimodal treatment plan that includes cervical adjustment plus soft tissue therapy and rehab?
• Which congenital abnormality involves occipitalization of atlas and fusion of atlas to occiput, with breed predisposition and possible neurologic deficits?
• What is the largest cervical ligament?
• What modalities are commonly included in a multimodal cervical care plan?
• What clinical signs suggest cervical myelopathy rather than benign neck pain?
• The joint that has more neuro receptors than any other joint in the body is which?
• If a clinician lacks up-to-date knowledge, what ethical action is appropriate?
• What is a common pattern of cervical range of motion across segments?
• Which group of viruses causes encephalitis in horses and humans and is transmitted by mosquitoes, including Eastern, Western, Venezuelan, and West Nile virus?
• Which disease in horses is caused by infection via ingestion of sporocysts in food or water contaminated with opossum feces and shows variable signs with effective medical treatment available?
• Chiropractic manipulation may occasionally induce a seizure.
• In canine anatomy, what anatomical feature is the primary landmark for locating the atlas during palpation?
• During cribbing behavior, which cervical segment is often hyper-flexed?
• Which sign is associated with Horner's syndrome?
• Why is a thorough postural assessment important in planning cervical adjustments?
• Atlantoaxial instability and which patients are most at risk?
• When placing a choke collar on a dog, if the handler stands on the left, the long side of the 'P' should be on which side?
• What is the purpose of documenting the range of motion and pain response during cervical assessment?
• Informed consent requires owner understanding of which elements?
• Which of the following is a sign of dental problems in horses?
• In feline dentistry, which condition is described as inflammation of the oral cavity that is immune mediated and requires removal of all root material?
• Which ethical element is essential when obtaining consent for cervical chiropractic care in animals?
• Upper cervical subluxations can deflect or compress the vertebral arteries causing cranial symptoms; this condition is known as what?
• When an animal is prescribed a soft collar, the owner should remove it for how many minutes per day and how many times per day?
• Discoloration of a tooth usually pink/grey/black; these teeth have sustained trauma and 90% contain necrotic material inside; what is the diagnosis?
• Which term describes the transport of cellular components along a neuron’s axon?
• When choosing a proper collar/harness, which factors should be considered?
• Describe the general orientation of cervical facet joints and how that affects the primary planes of motion and stability.
• Which radiographic views are commonly used to evaluate the canine/feline cervical spine, and what key issues should these views reveal?
• What is a consequence of decreased plasma transport in nervous tissue?
• Which disease is transmitted through ingestion of sporocysts in contaminated feed or water from opossums and presents with variable neurological signs?
• Name a key cervical anatomical structure that must be preserved during correction at C1-C2 to avoid neural compromise.
• Which disease is characterized by unusual behavior changes and is highly zoonotic, usually from contact with wild infected animals?
• Which two species are exceptions to the typical number of cervical vertebrae?
• Define the panniculus reflex and its relevance in cervical spinal assessment.
• How is cervical proprioception tested in veterinary patients?
• In horses, dribbling urine is associated with which infection?
• Which group has no specific treatment and emphasizes vaccination and mosquito control?
• Cervical subluxations can cause compression of the spinal cord leading to myelopathy due to which mechanism?
• Dr. Heidi says ____ collars are the best to start with due to the sound component
• Dogs with dwarf characteristics show chondroid changes and calcification in nucleus pulposus; what cervical intervertebral disc disease type is described?
• Which virus group causes encephalitis and is mosquito-borne, with known examples including Eastern, Western, Venezuelan, and West Nile viruses?
• Upper respiratory infections initially present with nasal drainage of which color?
• What is the role of the dens in neck rotation, and what would its injury imply clinically?
• When the handler is on the left, the long side of the 'P' should be on which side?
• What is the primary motion at the occiput to atlas (C0-C1) articulation?
• Which statement best describes the cervical facets in the equine spine?
• The first facet junction occurs between which segments?
• For the canine spine, dorsal spinous processes difficult to palpate are at which levels?
• Which zoonotic disease in horses can cause colic, enteritis followed by edema, hemorrhage, and death in 2-4 days, with dogs experiencing GI edema, and humans via direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or skin?
• Which statement correctly reflects occiput listings in this technique?
• Which muscle is commonly used as a guide for the cervical vertebrae and often serves as a common injection site?
• What term describes horse teeth with deep roots that erupt throughout life and wear down from chewing?
• How does cervical spine ROM typically change from cranial to caudal levels?
• Which term from the options represents the Original Chiropractic Model often abbreviated 'BOOP'?
• Which receptor type is located in the muscle belly and used to monitor muscle length?
• Which range of cervical segments is considered typical in equine and canine?
• Which term refers solely to externally visible details of an animal’s structure and appearance as defined by breed standards?
• Which two cervical pathologies often respond to veterinary cervical chiropractic care?
• Which sign is typical for cervical vertebral instability (wobbler's) in dogs?
• The listing 'posterior (C1-C2)' refers to the relationship between which two vertebrae?
• Is C4 typical in the cervical spine?
• How should a practitioner handle a suspected atlas misalignment during palpation?
• What risk does owner education aim to reduce during rehabilitation?
• In the canine cervical spine, which segments have dorsal spinous processes that are difficult to palpate?
• Which vertebrae constitute the canine/feline cervical spine, and which two vertebrae form the craniovertebral region?
• Which congenital abnormality involves occipitalization of the atlas with fusion to the occiput and may present with abnormal neck shape and ataxia in newborn foals?
• What are the key landmarks and structures to avoid during a C1-C2 adjustment in a large animal?
• In atlanto-axial luxation, which movement causes dorsal displacement of the dens resulting in cord impingement?
• Which cervical condition is described as dynamic compression of the spinal cord due to caudal cervical vertebral malformation and commonly affects large breed dogs?
• C3 is typical or atypical?
• In chronic neural dysfunction with persistent segmental dysfunction and pilomotor, sudomotor, and vasomotor changes, which concept describes increased nerve recruitment and pain sensitivity?
• Chronic neural dysfunction is associated with changes in which body system's immune response?
• What species-specific considerations should be made when applying cervical therapy to horses?
• Which cervical segments form the secondary curve?
• NOT a typical segment in the equine/canine cervical spine?
• What is a sign of potential neural involvement in neck pain that would prompt advanced imaging?
• C1 is typical or atypical?
• Onset of caudal cervical vertebral malformation can occur at which age?
• What is meant by 'facet joint syndrome' in the cervical region?
• The laminopedicular junction is between the lamina and which structure?
• Which subluxation theory is associated with nerve-structure changes due to neurogenic dystrophy?
• Which factor inhibits pain at the cord level as long as there is normal proprioception input?
• Which abnormal gait usually reflects tension, fatigue, and/or problems with engagement, with two legs on one side swinging forward together?
• Which vertebral segment is the largest bone in the cervical spine?
• Which of the following is a red flag that would contraindicate a cervical adjustment?
• Which condition is diagnosed by radiography and involves calcification of the vertebral longitudinal ligament with bony bridging at intervertebral spaces?
• Inflammation of the supra-atlantal bursa with chronic irritation and a draining tract is known as?
• What are the possible listings for occiput?
• What clinical signs would you expect with atlas (C1) instability?
• Which statement about slack for choke collars is accurate?
• Which action demonstrates ethical responsibility when there is insufficient evidence for a treatment in cervical chiropractic?
• Galvayne's groove is a dark groove that appears on which tooth area?
• What is the minimum total daily collar removal time implied by the guideline?
• Which cervical nerve roots are commonly implicated in neck pain syndromes in dogs, and what signs might you see?
• Approximately what percentage of horses develop wolf teeth?
• Which hypothesis posits that neural dysfunction lowers tissue resistance and alters immune responses (nonspecific and specific)?
• The superior listing for the occiput corresponds to which joint pair?
• Typical components of a veterinary cervical adjustment record include:
• Which statement accurately describes post-adjustment client communication?
• Which concept best describes loss of joint motion in one or more planes with point tenderness and decreased pressure-pain threshold, plus abnormal contraction or tension within paraspinal muscles?
• Bit seats are modifications to which tooth to improve bit comfort?
• What considerations influence the decision to perform cervical adjustment under sedation or general anesthesia?
• How do HVLA adjustments at the C1-C2 level differ in risk profile from adjustments at the mid-cervical spine?
• How do the incisor angle and length change with age?
• Which receptor type is located in the tendons and used to monitor contractile force exerted by a group of muscle fibers?
• The pole includes which segments?
• How often should oral examinations be performed on horses?
• Which combination of practices best supports the animal patient’s welfare during cervical chiropractic care?
• Which cervical disc disease is characterized by degenerative changes in the disc with chronic subluxations?
• Which muscular structures are commonly addressed in cervical soft tissue therapy for animals?
• Aging a horse by its teeth is primarily inferred from changes in which incisor features?
• Which combination best represents owner education for sustaining rehabilitation gains?
• Identify the process described as movement of cytoplasm within axons that transports organelles and neurotransmitters.
• Which gait is commonly seen at the trot and describes outward-swinging foot flight?
• Which cervical pathology presents with head tilt, nystagmus, circling, rolling, leaning or reluctance to move, and may improve rapidly over 2-3 weeks after onset?
• The typical cranial body of the cervical vertebra in horses has a disc surface that is what?
• In horses, which junction is used as the primary contact when adjusting the cervical spine?
• Signs of bilateral cervical restriction might suggest a cautious mobilization rather than HVLA?
• When palpating the C1 wing/mandible space statically, a 'closed' space would indicate which listing?
• Which statement correctly reflects the slack guideline for choke collars on cervicals?
• Which vertebrae are described as atypical with no coupled motion?
• What should be avoided when addressing acutely painful or unstable necks during adjustment?
• For cervical region, what is the recommended slack?
• The long side orientation of the 'P' in a choke collar, when the handler stands on the left, should be on which side?
• What is the relationship between cervical function and thoracic dysfunction?
• Which signs would indicate the need for advanced imaging prior to cervical manual therapy?
• Which condition in horses is highly contagious, usually respiratory, with acute onset of ataxia and a guarded prognosis when recumbent?
• Which segment is the largest bone in the cervical spine?
• During a cervical assessment in a small animal, which cranial nerve checks are typically included as part of a comprehensive neuro exam?
• The pole of the cervical spine comprises which segments?
• How do you differentiate mechanical neck pain from referred pain due to thoracic or upper back pathology?
• Pound for pound, which species has a larger dorsal spinous process of C2?
• Which part of the nuchal ligament is attached to the pseudo spinous processes?
• The C1 wings angulation is which type?
• When should appropriate referral occur?
• What is the maximum recommended slack for choke collars on the cervical region?
• Is C5 described as typical or atypical?
• In the Simple description of subluxation, what combination is described?
• What grading system is used to describe the severity of periodontal disease?
• Which element is essential in owner education to support successful cervical neck rehabilitation?
• What term is used to describe gait abnormalities?
• Which statement best describes transverse processes for adjustments?
• Name at least three essential pre-manipulative assessments before cervical HVLA in veterinary patients.
• During cervical technique, you should not lower the head below which landmark?
• Which disease is associated with horses and humans, causing abortion in horses and kidney damage in humans?
• Is C6 described as typical or atypical (part of the secondary curve)?
• Which option represents the standard maximum slack for choke collars on cervicals?
• Which condition can cause symmetric pelvic limb ataxia and urinary bladder paralysis in horses?
• Bartonella henselae is associated with which disease that can cause small bumps around the site and regional lymphadenopathy in humans, usually mild and often resolves without treatment?
• Which disease is transmitted by fleas among cats and can cause mild illness with regional lymphadenopathy?
• In the collar setup, which statement accurately reflects the maximum allowable slack?
• Between which levels does the first cervical facet junction occur?
• Which organism causes diarrhea and gastroenteritis in dogs under 6 months, cats, calves, humans, and rodents, with most infections subclinical and carriers shedding?
• How should post-treatment re-evaluation be scheduled and what should it assess?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of high-velocity low-amplitude thrust (HVLA) in veterinary cervical care?
• TMJ issues are more common in which species?
• Clear communication of risks and benefits should occur with owners when cervical chiropractic care is offered.
• What is the primary motion at the C1-C2 articulation?
• Which statement is true about the long side orientation when the handler is on the left?
• Is C7 described as typical or atypical (part of the secondary curve)?
• Which syndrome is irritation of facet joints and is exacerbated by extension of the spine due to subluxation?
• How might cervical adjustments influence thoracic spine dysfunction?
• For safety, what is the recommended maximum slack for choke collars on cervicals?
• What is a key safety principle when performing cervical adjustments in animals?
• Which part of the nuchal ligament is described as the tough top portion?
• Equine dorsal spinous processes that are difficult to palpate are located at which levels?
• Which bacterium is often carried by healthy cats and can cause cat scratch disease in humans, especially in those under 21 or immunocompromised?
• Which muscle group is not typically targeted in cervical soft tissue therapy for dogs?
• Which outcome is NOT expected from a properly executed multimodal cervical care plan?
• When considering cervical adjustment under anesthesia, what safety measures are essential?
• Which condition involves irritation of joint capsules and is exacerbated with extension of the spine due to subluxation and mechanical stress on the joints?
• Which radiographic view is specifically used to assess the dens (odontoid process) in the cervical spine?
• Which group includes methicillin-resistant infections (MRSA, MRSP, MRSI)?
• During cervical neck rehabilitation, which sign should owners monitor as an adverse sign warranting professional input?
• Which factor most appropriately guides the choice between HVLA and mobilization techniques during cervical care?
• In small animals with cervical spondylosis, which signs may be observed?
• Which organism is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in all species, with potential dissemination to joints if in the bloodstream?
• Which dental arcade is slightly wider in horses?
• C4 is typical or atypical?
• Galvayne's groove first appears at which year in a horse's life?
• During HVLA at C1-C2, which structure is of particular concern due to proximity to the manipulation?
• When palpating the C1 wing/mandible space statically, an 'open' space would indicate which listing?
• Which is NOT an ethical consideration for cervical chiropractic care?
• Which factor is NOT listed as a consideration when choosing a collar/harness?
• Feline dentistry: Which reflex is seen with resorptive lesions?
• The joint with more neuro receptors than any other joint in the body is which?
• The typical caudal body of the cervical vertebra in horses has a disc surface that is what?
• Which diagnostic sign would be most concerning for cervical myelopathy in a patient presenting with neck pain?
• Which abnormal gait is characterized by shortened stride with hindleg circling the forelimb and asymmetric pelvic motion?
• Which option expresses the slack limit using the phrase 'two inches or less'?
• In subluxation theory, which condition describes reduced blood flow to the brainstem due to cervical subluxation?
• Choke collars should not have more than how many inches of slack when on cervicals?
• In the equine cervical spine, which segments have dorsal spinous processes that are difficult to palpate?
• Which animals are typically assessed with neurologic tests for upper cervical function as part of cervical practice in horses and dogs?
• Which cervical segments are considered typical in the cervical spine of both horses and dogs?
• For the cervical region, which of the following is a correct description of slack?
• What neurologic tests are used to assess upper cervical function in dogs and horses?
• Where are the biggest facets located in the spinal column?
• Which listing is associated with the axis (C2)?
• Which vertebra bears the dens (odontoid process), and what motion does it primarily facilitate?
• Which cervical level is described as typical?
• C2 is typical or atypical?
• Which option refers specifically to subluxation within the intervertebral space?
• What is the axis/C2 listing?
• Why are many wolf teeth removed?
• Which condition is one of the most common causes of ataxia in horses and involves progressive spinal cord compression from vertebral changes?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an etiology of Horner's syndrome?
• No coupled motion can be found cranial to the first facet junction (C2-C3)?
• Where do hooks most commonly develop on horse teeth?
• Stenosis of the cervical spinal canal is commonly located at which levels?
• Caudal cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation causes dynamic compression of the cervical spinal cord and is known as which condition?
• Which position did Dr. Heidi recommend to strengthen back muscles during a pulling activity?
• Why is cervical assessment documentation useful for future visits?
• Explain the difference between HVLA and cervical mobilization in veterinary practice.
• In the described collar setup, which statement best describes the alignment of the long side of the 'P' relative to the handler's position?
• Which zoonotic disease is a fungal infection of the skin presenting as itchy red circular rash with healthy looking skin in the middle and is spread by direct contact?
• Which of the following supports ethical cervical chiropractic care by ensuring practitioners stay current and refer when necessary?